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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a classical epigenetic technique for studying in vivo protein-DNA interactions, serving as a core tool for deciphering gene expression regulatory mechanisms, transcription factor binding sites, and epigenetic modification landscapes. By using specific antibodies to enrich DNA fragments bound to target proteins (such as transcription factors and histone modifications), ChIP provides an authentic reflection of in vivo protein-DNA binding. It is considered the gold standard for studying gene regulation, epigenetics, and chromatin structure. The core principle of ChIP is to “freeze” protein-DNA interactions in living cells via formaldehyde crosslinking, fragment chromatin into 200-1000 bp pieces, capture target protein-DNA complexes through specific antibody immunoprecipitation, reverse crosslinks to release and purify the DNA, and finally detect and analyze the enriched DNA fragments using qPCR, ChIP-seq, or ChIP-chip, thereby authentically reflecting in vivo protein-genome binding events.