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Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is a physical process based on non-radiative dipole-dipole coupling between a donor fluorophore and an acceptor fluorophore. When the donor and acceptor are separated by 1-10 nm with appropriate dipole orientation, energy absorbed by the donor upon excitation is transferred non-radiatively to the acceptor, resulting in donor fluorescence quenching and enhanced acceptor emission. FRET efficiency is inversely proportional to the sixth power of the donor-acceptor distance, rendering it exquisitely sensitive to intermolecular separation. This makes FRET an indispensable technique for investigating protein-protein interactions, conformational dynamics, and real-time molecular processes in living cells.