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Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are potent mitogenic factors that regulate cell growth and division in connective tissue and the developing nervous system. The PDGF family consists of five polypeptide chains (subunits): PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, PDGF-CC, and PDGF-DD. The two receptors for PDGFs, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ, belong to the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. PDGFRα signaling controls gastrulation and the development of cranial and cardiac neural crest, lung, intestine, skin, kidney, skeleton, gonads, and neuroprotective tissues, whereas PDGFRβ signaling is well established in early hematopoiesis and blood vessel formation. PDGFs participate in wound healing, regulation of blood vessel tone, and maintenance of interstitial fluid pressure. PDGF signaling is also involved in the pathogenesis of various proliferative diseases, including certain tumors, atherosclerosis, restenosis, and fibrotic conditions.