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Introduction
Carboxyethylation includes two distinct types of protein modifications with different mechanisms and biological functions. Cysteine carboxyethylation is an emerging enzyme‑dependent PTM linked to gut microbiota‑mediated immune regulation and autoimmune disease. In contrast, lysine carboxyethylation (Kce) is a non‑enzymatic glycation‑derived modification associated with diabetes and aging research.
| Category | Cysteine Carboxyethylation | Lysine Carboxyethylation |
|---|---|---|
| Classification | Enzyme‑dependent PTM | Advanced glycation end product (AGE) |
| Formation Mechanism | Cystathionine β‑synthase | Non‑enzymatic glycation |
| Reversibility | Reversible | Irreversible |
| Metabolic Precursor | Gut microbiota‑derived 3‑hydroxypropionate (3‑HPA) | Glycolysis‑derived methylglyoxal (MGO) |
| Biological Functions | Immune regulation and neoantigen generation | Inflammation and aging‑associated processes |
Products Solutions
We offer antibodies and affinity reagents for both cysteine and lysine carboxyethylation, including our featured MultiPTM antibody mix for efficient detection.
- Specific carboxyethylation detection
- MultiPTM antibody mix for efficient analysis
- Antibodies and enrichment reagents available
Product List
| Product Type | Product Name | Catalog No. |
|---|---|---|
| Rabbit pAb | PanCarboxyethylCysteine Rabbit pAb | WT9028 |
| Rabbit mAb | PanCarboxyethylCysteine Rabbit mAb | WT9029 |
| Rabbit mAb | PanCarboxyethyllysine Rabbit mAb | WT9046R |
| MultiPTM | CarboxyethylCysteine MultiPTM Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody mix | WT9029M |
Research Areas
- Immunology and autoimmune diseass
- Metabolism and aging
References
- Zhai Y, Chen L, Zhao Q, et al. Cysteine carboxyethylation generates neoantigens to induce HLA‑restricted autoimmunity. Science. 2023;379(6637):eabg2482.
- Didonna A. Cysteine carboxyethylation: a novel post‑translational modification associated with autoimmune arthritis. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):274.
- Chaudhuri J, Bains Y, Guha S, et al. The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Aging and Metabolic Diseases: Bridging Association and Causality. Cell Metab. 2018;28(3):337‑352.
- Liu Z, Liu J, Wang X, et al. Nε‑carboxyethyl‑lysin influences atherosclerotic plaque stability through ZKSCAN3 acetylation‑regulated macrophage autophagy via the RAGE/LKB1/AMPK1/SIRT1 pathway. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2025;24(1):36.